By : Lamiaa Moustafa Elbosaty
Dementia due to Parkinson's Disease: Risk factors for dementia include increased age and a typical presence of speech changes and axial involvement, severe motor involvement, rapid progression of Parkinson's disease, and depression. It occurs in later stage of the Parkinson's disease. Behavioral and personality changes occur in dementia caused by Parkinson's disease, with increased incidence of depression and visual hallucinations when compared with the behavioral changes of Alzheimer's disease (Meara, 2003).
- Front-temporal Dementia: is estimated to account for between 5 and 15 percent of degenerative dementias. In younger populations (younger than 65 years of age). Front-temporal dementia probably accounts for a larger percentage of total dementia cases, but overall prevalence rates remain relatively low. Men and women are probably equally affected, and studies have documented that between 20 and 40 percent of patients have a family history of front-temporal dementia (Dawson & Hodges, 2002).
v Clinical criteria:
1. The development of behavioral or cognitive deficits manifested by :
(a) Early and progressive change in personality, characterized by difficulty in modulating behavior, often resulting in inappropriate responses or activities .
(b) Early and progressive change in language, characterized by problems with expression of language or severe naming difficulty and problems with word meaning.
The deficits outlined in 1a or 1b cause significant impairment in social or occupational functioning and represent a significant decline from a previous 2. level of functioning.
3. The course is characterized by a gradual onset and continuing decline in function.
4. The deficits in la or 1b are not due to other nervous system conditions (e.g., cerebrovascular disease), systemic conditions (e.g., hypo- thyroidism), or substance-induced conditions.
5. The deficits do not occur exclusively during a delirium.
6. The disturbance is not better accounted for by a psychiatric diagnosis (e.g., depression) (McKhann et al., 2001).
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