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Gradual and insidious development

Rapid development

Onset

Long, with progressive deterioration

Brief duration of 1 month or less, depending on cause

Duration

Stable progression of symptomatology

Diurnal alterations, more nocturnal exacerbations

Course

Short-term and long-term memory impair­ments, with eventual complete loss

Disorganized and impaired

Thinking and short-term memory

Progressively decreases

Markedly decreased, especially to environ-

mental cues

Orientation

Difficulty recalling the correct word; later may lose language

Rambling, pressured, irrelevant

Language

Often absent but can progress to paranoia delusions, hallucinations, and illusions

Environment unclear, progressing to illu­sions, hallucinations and delusions.

Perceptual disturbance

Not affected

Cloudiness that fluctuates; inattentiveness to hyper alert with distractibility

Level of consciousness

Piecemeal

Day-night reversal, insomnia, vivid dreams and nightmares

Sleep

Not affected

Sluggish to hyperactive; change of range unpredictable

Psychomotor action

Depression/ anxiety when insight into con­dition is present; late in pathology anger with outburst, restlessness with pacing

Anxious with changes in sleep; fearful if experiencing hallucinations; weeping; yelling

Emotion status