By : Lamiaa Moustafa Elbosaty
Irreversible dementia is difficult to diagnose, especially in the early stages. Once diagnosed, patients must undergo a complete medical and neurological workup, because 10 to 15 percent of all patients have a potentially reversible condition if treatment is initiated before permanent brain damage occurs and therefore inevitably have a poor prognosis (Sadock & Sadock, 2005).
The time from diagnosis to death in Alzheimer's disease is usually estimated to be 8 to 10 years, and the morbidity and mortality of vascular dementia may by worse than Alzheimer's disease, presumably because of risk of further cerebrovascular events, as well as other atherosclerotic disease. The 5– year's survival rate is 40 percent for patients with vascular dementia (Wancata et al., 2003). In general, irreversible dementias have an insidious onset and are gradually declined, followed by a more rapid progression. The most frequent cause of death is pneumonia, and other infections, with malnutrition and dehydration as contributing factors (Gelder & Harrison, 2006).
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