By : Lamiaa Moustafa Elbosaty
Dementia due to Huntington's Disease: It has a worldwide distribution with estimated prevalence 4-7 per 100.000. Onset is typically in middle life between 25 and 50 years of age (Naarding, et al., 2001). The disease may present to the psychiatrist, since these patients commonly become depressed early in the course while insight is retained, and later often become withdrawn and socially isolated. Cognitive impairment with sub cortical features is usually in the later stages, but its severity and progression vary widely (Ho et al., 2005). Distractibility is characteristic, with reduced ability to regulate attention and psychomotor speed and apathy later in the course. A person with Huntington's disease usually lives for 15 to 20 years after diagnosis (Tost et al., 2004).
- Dementia due to HIV Disease: It is a devastating disease that affects more than 36 million people worldwide. It is primary seen in patient with advanced immunodeficiency. Increased viral load predisposes patients to developing dementia. AIDS dementia complex developed in approximately 60 percent of patients (Clifford, 2002).
v Clinical features:
Cognitive decline and motor slowing are the predominant characteristics of AIDS dementia complex. Cognitive changes tend to occur gradually over approximately a 6-month period (Gray et al., 2001). Concentration problems and memory impairment are frequent complains and typically interfere with daily activities. Motor deficits are usually symmetrical, affecting the extremities. Behavioral changes and depressed mood may also occur. Psychotic symptoms are rare and typically are transient if present. In late stage of the disease, AIDS dementia complex may progress to mutism, incontinence and paraplegia. Personality changes may be manifested by apathy, emotional liability or behavioral disinhibition (Paul, 2005).
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