By : Lamiaa Moustafa Elbosaty
A. Definitions:
Dementia is defined as a change in mental status that caused by physical changes in the brain, it is usually a chronic condition that progresses slowly and is not reversible. Dementia is frequently associated with the elderly, and is often incorrectly assumed to be a part of the aging process. Actually, many elderly people retain their intellectual functioning into their eighties and nineties. Important factors determining whether dementia will occur are genetic predisposition, family history, nutritional status and general level of health (Barry, 2002).
According to Judith et al. (2005), dementia is a progressive impairment of cognitive functions occurring in clear consciousness (that is, in the absence of delirium). Dementia consists of a variety of symptoms that suggest chronic and widespread dysfunction. Global impairment of intellect is the essential feature, manifested as difficulty with memory, attention, thinking, and comprehension. Other mental functions may often be affected, including mood, personality and social behavior. The symptoms result in significant impairment in social or occupational functional and they represent a significant decline from a previous level of functioning.
While the Alzheimer's Association (2006), defined dementia as a progressive brain disorder that gradually destroys a person's memory and ability to learn, reason, make judgments, communicate and carryout daily activities. As dementia progresses, many also experience change in personality and behavior, such as anxiety, agitation, and hallucinations.
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